| ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
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Salvia ceratophylla L. from South of Jordan: new insights on chemical composition and biological activities |
| Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish1,2, Célia Cabral3,4,5, Zulfigar Ali2, Mei Wang2, Shabana I. Khan2, Melissa R. Jacob2, Surendra K. Jain2, Babu L. Tekwani2, Fazila Zulfiqar2, Ikhlas A. Khan2, Hatem Taifour6, Lígia Salgueiro7, Thomas Efferth8 |
1 Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
2 National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
3 Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research(iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
4 Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology(CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal |
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Abstract In Jordan, Salvia ceratophylla L. is traditionally used in the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and urinary disorders. This study aimed:(1) to chemically characterize S. ceratophylla essential oil (EO) from South Jordan, by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); and (2) to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoal activities of the EO, it's predominant components, and the hexane (A), ethyl acetate (B), methanol (C) and crude-methanol extracts (D). The analysis revealed that the EO has 71 compounds, with linalool (54.8%) as main constituent. Only the hexane extract (A) showed some cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3, LLC-PK1 and VERO cells lines with IC 50 between 60 and > 100 μg/mL. The EO inhibited NO production (IC50 90 μg/mL) and NF-κB activity (IC50 38 μg/mL). The extracts A, B, and D inhibited NO production and NF-κB activity with IC50 between 32 and 150 μg/mL. Linalool considerably inhibited NO production (IC50 18 μg/mL). The extracts tested did not exhibit antileishmanial activity. Regarding antitrypanosomal activity, the EO exhibited significant results with IC50 2.65 μg/mL. In conclusion, Jordan S. ceratophylla EO represents a rich source of linalool and bears a promising therapeutic potential for further antitrypanosomal drug development.
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| Keywords
Lamiaceae
Essential oil
Chemical composition
Cytotoxicity
Anti-inflammatory activity
Neglected diseases
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| Fund:This work has been conducted during the Fulbright visiting scholarship awarded to Prof. Dr. Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish during his Sabbatical leave from Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan, at the National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, USA. The authors thank the Dean of Scientific Research, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan, the Binational Fulbright Commission in Jordan, Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES), and Institute of International Education (IIE), USA. This work was also supported by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal (Strategic Projects UID/NEU/04539/2013, and UID/NEU/04539/2019, UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020 (CIBB)). |
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Corresponding Authors:
Célia Cabral
E-mail: celia.cabral@fmed.uc.pt
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Issue Date: 23 October 2020
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