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Effects of combined cannabidiol (CBD) and hops (Humulus lupulus) terpene extract treatment on RAW 264.7 macrophage viability and inflammatory markers |
| Inga Dammann1, Claudia Keil2, Iris Hardewig1, Elżbieta Skrzydlewska3, Michał Biernacki3, Hajo Haase2 |
1. Sanity Group GmbH, Jägerstraße 28-31, 10117, Berlin, Germany;
2. Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße Des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany;
3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland |
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Abstract This study investigates the potential of cannabidiol (CBD), one major cannabinoid of the plant Cannabis sativa, alone and in combination with a terpene-enriched extract from Humulus lupulus (“Hops 1”), on the LPS-response of RAW 264.7 macrophages as an established in vitro model of inflammation. With the present study, we could support earlier findings of the anti-inflammatory potential of CBD, which showed a dose-dependent [0-5 μM] reduction in nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) released by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, we observed an additive anti-inflammatory effect after combined CBD [5 μM] and hops extract [40 μg/mL] treatment. The combination of CBD and Hops 1 showed effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells superior to the single substance treatments and akin to the control hydrocortisone. Furthermore, cellular CBD uptake increased dose-dependently in the presence of terpenes from Hops 1 extract. The anti-inflammatory effect of CBD and its cellular uptake positively correlated with terpene concentration, as indicated by comparison with a hemp extract containing both CBD and terpenes. These findings may contribute to the postulations for the so-called “entourage effect” between cannabinoids and terpenes and support the potential of CBD combined with phytomolecules from a non-cannabinoid source, such as hops, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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| Keywords
CBD
Terpenes
Cannabinoids
Entourage effect
Inflammation
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| Fund:Hereby we acknowledge the contributions of BAFA Neu GmbH and Flavex Naturextrakte GmbH, which kindly donated the plant extracts used throughout this study. Research at the department of food chemistry and toxicology at TU Berlin has been supported by a donation from Sanity Group GmbH. We would also like to thank Dr. rer. nat. Cathrin Rohleder from Sanity Group GmbH for providing access to a licensed figure created with Biorende.com. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Inga Dammann,E-mail:inga.dammann@sanitygroup.com;Hajo Haase,E-mail:haase@tu-berlin.de
E-mail: inga.dammann@sanitygroup.com;haase@tu-berlin.de
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Issue Date: 18 July 2023
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