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Structure-function insights of natural Ganoderma polysaccharides: advances in biosynthesis and functional food applications |
| Zhou-Wei Wu1,2, Xue-Fang Zhao1, Chen-Xi Quan1,2, Xiao-Cui Liu1,2, Xin-Yu Tao1,2, Yu-jie Li1, Xing-Rong Peng1,2, Ming-Hua Qiu1,2 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China |
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Abstract Ganoderma polysaccharides (GPs), derived from various species of the Ganoderma genus, exhibit diverse bioactivities, including immune modulation, anti-tumor effects, and gut microbiota regulation. These properties position GPs as dual-purpose agents for medicinal and functional food development. This review comprehensively explores the structural complexity of six key GPs and their specific mechanisms of action, such as TLR signaling in immune modulation, apoptosis pathways in anti-tumor activity, and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of GPs are highlighted to elucidate their biological efficacy. Advances in green extraction techniques, including ultrasonic-assisted and enzymatic methods, are discussed for their roles in enhancing yield and aligning with sustainable production principles. Furthermore, the review addresses biotechnological innovations in polysaccharide biosynthesis, improving production efficiency and making large-scale production feasible. These insights, combined with ongoing research into their bioactivity, provide a solid foundation for developing health-promoting functional food products that incorporate GPs. Furthermore, future research directions are suggested to optimize biosynthesis pathways and fully harness the health benefits of these polysaccharides.
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| Keywords
Ganoderma polysaccharides
extraction techniques
structural characteristics
Bioactivity
biosynthetic pathways
Functional food applications
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| Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82373762, 31872675), Major Special Programe of science and technology of Yunnan (202402AA310032, 202305AH340005), and the Cooperation Project with DR PLANT Company (2023), and the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (Nos. P2020-KF02, P2022-KF10). |
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Corresponding Authors:
Ming-Hua Qiu, E-mail:mhchiu@mail.kib.ac.cn
E-mail: mhchiu@mail.kib.ac.cn
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Issue Date: 17 May 2025
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