Nineteen alkaloids, including a new C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloid stapfianine A(1) and a new benzamide derivative stapfianine B(2) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum stapfianum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses(IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR).

The inhibition of α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, two enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, is an important target to control glycaemia on individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this work we report for the first time the inhibition of both enzymes by the antihyperglycemic n-butanol extract from Genista tenera(Fabaceae). This extract decreased a-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities to 0.97 and 80.25%, respectively, being more effective than acarbose, and phlorizin, the positive controls, which reduced enzymes activities only to 17.39 and 96.06%. Once inflammation and oxidative stress are related to diabetic impairments, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was also evaluated, through its inhibitory activity over COX-1 enzyme(47.5% inhibition). Moreover, after induction of oxidative stress by UV radiation, the viability of irradiated rat liver hepatoma cells exposed to the extract was significantly higher(67.82%) than that promoted by ascorbic acid, the positive control(45.05%). In addition, the stability of the extract under gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Flavonoid diglycosides were identified as the main constituents of the extract, and no alterations in the chemical composition nor in the antioxidant activity were observed after in vitro digestion with artificial gastric and pancreatic juices.

Four hitherto unknown 6a, 11b-dihydroxypterocarpans, namely pterocarpadiols A-D(1-4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the twigs and leaves of Derris robusta. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Pterocarpadiols A-D are a kind of very rare 6a, 11b-dihydroxypterocarpans, and their presence as markers may be helpful in chemotaxonomical classification.

Ayurveda is a renowned traditional medicine practiced in India from ancient times and Clitoria ternatea is one such prospective medicinal herb incorporated as an essential constituent in a brain tonic called as medhya rasayan for treating neurological disorders. This work emphasises the significance of the plant as a brain drug there by upholding Indian medicine. The phytochemicals from the root extract were extricated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay and molecular docking against the protein Monoamine oxidase was performed with four potential compounds along with four reference compounds of the plant. This persuades the prospect of C. ternatea as a remedy for neurodegenerative diseases and depression. The in silico assay enumerates that a major compound(Z)-9, 17-octadecadienal obtained from the chromatogram with a elevated retention time of 32.99 furnished a minimum binding affinity energy value of-6.5 kcal/mol against monoamine oxidase(MAO-A). The interactions with the amino acid residues ALA 68, TYR 60 and TYR 69 were analogous to the reference compound kaempferol-3-monoglucoside with a least score of -13.90/-12.95 kcal/mol against the isoforms(MAO) A and B. This study fortifies the phytocompounds of C. ternatea as MAO-inhibitors and to acquire a pharmaceutical approach in rejuvenating Ayurvedic medicine.

Two new diterpenoids, salyunnanins I and J(1 and 2), together with ten analogues, were isolated from the roots of Salvia yunnanensis. The structures of the new isolates, possessing different neo-clerodane and seco-abietane diterpenoid skeletons respectively, were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. All of the compounds were tested for the inhibitory activities against six human tumor lines in vitro, and several ones showed moderate cytotoxic activities.