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Natural anticancer agents: prospection of medicinal and aromatic plants in modern chemoprevention and chemotherapy |
| Patricia Quintero-Rincón1,2, Karina Caballero-Gallardo2,3, Jesus Olivero-Verbel3 |
1. Research Group Design and Formulation of Medicines, Cosmetics, and Related, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, 050010, Medellín, Colombia;
2. Functional Toxicology Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, Universidad de Cartagena, 130014, Cartagena, Colombia;
3. Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, Universidad de Cartagena, 130014, Cartagena, Colombia |
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Abstract Natural products obtained from medicinal and aromatic plants are increasingly recognized as promising anticancer agents due to their structural richness, including terpene and flavonoid molecules, which induce apoptosis and modulate gene expression. These compounds offer an alternative to conventional treatments, often costly, which face challenges such as multidrug resistance. This review aims to provide a promising alternative approach to effectively control cancer by consolidating significant findings in identifying natural products and anticancer agent development from medicinal and aromatic plants. It synthesizes the findings of a comprehensive search of academic databases, such as PubMed and Springer, prioritizing articles published in recognized peer-reviewed journals that address the bioprospecting of medicinal and aromatic plants as anticancer agents. The review addresses the anticancer activities of plant extracts and essential oils, which were selected for their relevance to chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Compounds successfully used in cancer therapy include Docetaxel (an antimitotic agent), Etoposide VP-16 (an antimitotic agent and topoisomerase II inhibitor), Topotecan (a topoisomerase I inhibitor), Thymoquinone (a Reactive Oxygen Species-ROS inducer), and Phenethyl isothiocyanate (with multiple mechanisms). The review highlights natural products such as Hinokitiol, Mahanine, Hesperetin, Borneol, Carvacrol, Eugenol, Epigallocatechin gallate, and Capsaicin for their demonstrated efficacy against multiple cancer types, including breast, cervical, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, lung, prostate, and skin cancer. Finally, it highlights the need for continued bioprospecting studies to identify novel natural products that can be successfully used in modern chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
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| Keywords
Medicinal and aromatic plants
Chemoprevention
Chemotherapy
Vegetable extracts
Essential oils
Natural volatiles
Cancer cell lines
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| Fund:This research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (Minciencias) from the Francisco José de Caldas Fund (Grant RC-112721-416-2023). |
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Issue Date: 18 June 2025
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