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Ayahuasca: Uses, Phytochemical and Biological Activities |
| Edgar Antonio Estrella-Parra1,2, Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez1, Francisco Javier Alarcón-Aguilar1 |
1 Laboratorio de Farmacología. Dpto. Ciencias de la Salud. Div. C. B. S. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340 Mexico CDMX, Mexico;
2 Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Unidad UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090 Mexico CDMX, Mexico |
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Abstract Ayahuasca (caapi, yajé), is a psychoactive brew from the Amazon Basin region of South America traditionally considered a "master plant." It is prepared as a decoction from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, which it is thought that it stimulates creative thinking and visual creativity. Native healers of the Orinoco and Amazon basins have used traditionally ayahuasca as a healing tool for multiple purposes, particularly to treat psychological disorders in the patients, with some beneficial effects experimentally and clinically validated. Recently, several syncretic religions, as the "União de Vegetal" (UDV) group in Brazil, have been spread around the world. The use of ayahuasca has been popularized by internet and smart-shops, bringing the psychoactive substance to new highs, emerging new "ayahuasqueros." Ayahuasca has alkaloids as β-carbolines and dimethyltryptamines, which inhibit the monoamine oxidase and active the 5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptor, respectively, resulting in hallucinations in the users. Ayahuasca induces a psychedelic change in the anteroposterior coupling of the electrophysiological brain oscillations in humans. Traditional ayahuasca beverage is generating pharmacological, commercial and spiritual interest among the scientific community, government people, and different populations worldwide. The goal of this article is to report about the uses, chemistry and biological activities of ayahuasca.
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| Keywords
Ayahuasca
Banisteriopsis caapi
Psychotria viridis-dimethyltryptamine
β-carbolines
Psychotherapy
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Corresponding Authors:
Francisco Javier Alarcón-Aguilar
E-mail: aaaf@xanum.uam.mx
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Issue Date: 09 August 2019
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