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Alkaloids as potential antivirals. A comprehensive review |
| Shah Faisal1, Syed Lal Badshah1, Bibi Kubra1, Abdul2, Hamid Emwas3 |
1 Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
3 Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering(BESE), Smart-Health Initiative(SHI) and Red Sea Research Center(RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract Alkaloids are a diverse group of natural phytochemicals. These phytochemicals in plants provide them protection against pests, and herbivorous organisms and also control their development. Numerous of these alkaloids have a variety of biological effects, and some have even been developed into medications with different medicinal properties. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the numerous naturally occurring alkaloids (isolated from both terrestrial and aquatic species) along with synthetically produced alkaloid compounds having prominent antiviral properties. Previous reviews on this subject have focused on the biological actions of both natural and synthetic alkaloids, but they have not gone into comprehensive detail about their antiviral properties. We reviewed here several antiviral alkaloids that have been described in the literature in different investigational environments i.e. (in-vivo, in-ovo, in-vitro, and in-silico), and found that these alkaloid compounds have significant antiviral properties against several infectious viruses. These alkaloids repressed and targeted various important stages of viral infection at nontoxic doses while some of the alkaloids reported here also exhibited comparable inhibitory activities to commercially used drugs. Overall, these anti-viral effects of alkaloids point to a high degree of specificity, implying that they could serve as effective and safe antiviral medicines if further pursued in medicinal and pharmacological investigations.
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| Keywords
Alkaloid antivirals
Antiviral agents
Antiviral phytochemicals
In vitro
Spread
Inhibition
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Corresponding Authors:
Syed Lal Badshah,E-mail:shahbiochemist@gmail.com;Mariusz Jaremko,E-mail:mariusz.jaremko@kaust.edu.sa
E-mail: shahbiochemist@gmail.com;mariusz.jaremko@kaust.edu.sa
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Issue Date: 08 March 2023
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